中文摘要：

超、特高压直流输电的发展需要对长串直流绝缘子污闪特性研究。在人工气候室内对5种型式瓷和玻璃绝缘子进行直流人工污秽试验，分析了试品的50％闪络电压乩。与串长、盐密的关系及闪络电压梯度和有效爬电系数。根据5～23片绝缘子串得到试验结果，50％污闪电压与串长呈线性关系。试验结果表明：不同型式绝缘子的污秽闪络性能不同，污秽程度影响特征指数a与型式、结构和材质有关，其值在0．3～0．36间。在同一污秽度下，相同结构的玻璃绝缘子污秽性能优于瓷绝缘子；玻璃绝缘子具有比瓷绝缘子更高的沿面闪络梯度和有效爬电系数。

英文摘要：

With the development of EHV/UHV DC transmission projects, it is inevitable to study DC pollution flashover performance of long insulator strings. The DC artificial pollution tests of five types of porcelain and glass insulators have been carried out in the artificial climate chamber. The paper analyzes the relationship between 50% flashover voltage U50 and string length, the relationship between U50 and salt deposit density, flashover voltage gradients and valid creepage distances of DC polluted insulators. Based on the test results of insulator strings of 5 - 23 units, there are linear relationship between the 50% DC flashover voltages and string length. The experimental results show that the pollution flashover performances of various types of insulators are different, and that the pollution degree exponents of polluted insulators are affected ainsulator materials and shapes, whose values are 0.3 to 0.36. Under the same pollution degree, the pollution performances of glass insulators have advantage of those of porcelain insulators with the same configuration and the flashover voltage gradient along creepage distance and valid creepage distances of glass insulators are higher than those of porcelain insulators.