中文摘要：

浮游植物是海洋生态系统的初级生产者．对其种类的分类鉴定和定量分析是海洋科学研究和应用的基础性工作．传统的分析方法主要采用显微镜下的人工鉴定和定量计数．为了适应海洋科学和环境监测中的快速检测的需要，解决目前显微镜人工鉴定中存在的专业水平要求高、分类人员断层、耗时等问题，至今已有不少学者对各种浮游植物自动分析和识别方法进行了研究．包括基于藻细胞形态的与计算机技术相结合的图像法，基于藻类色素组成的吸光光度法、荧光分光光度法和高压液相色谱法．基于藻细胞大小、色素组成、DNA等的流式细胞仪法，基于细胞基因系列的分子探针法等．本文对这些方法的原理、发展动态、优缺点等进行了综述．认为基于藻细胞形态的浮游植物显微图像自动识别技术，由于其综合了现代仪器自动分析和传统显微分类方法的优点，是浮游植物自动识别的一种理想和实用的方法，将有很好的应用前景．

英文摘要：

Species identification and quantitative analysis of marine phytoplankton,the primary producer in marine ecosystem,is a basic and necessary work in many research and application fields of marine science. Traditional phytoplankton analysis for species identification and cell enumeration is usually made under light microscope. Different automatic identification techniques and quantitative determination for phytoplankton analysis have been developed by scientists with the growing requirement for the rapid detection of marine phytoplankton in marine science research and environmental monitoring,and the problems of decreasing numbers of phytoplanlcton taxonomists and time-consuming in microscope identification. The automatic analysis techniques include the digital image method based on the combination of morphological characters of algal cell and computer technique,the chemotaxonomy method based on algal pigment such as spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）, the flowcytometer method based on algal cell size and pigment, the molecular probe method based on gene sequence. The working mechanism, advantages, disadvantages and advances of the above methods are reviewed in the present paper. It is suggested that the digital microscope image method based on microscope images of algal cells and computer technique is a practical and ideal method for automatic identification of phytoplankon due to its complex of traditional microscope identification method and modern computer automatic analysis and operation technique.