中文摘要：

由于特殊的物理化学性质和强的毒性,汞已经成为全球关注的污染物。本文对目前大气汞的来源、汞在大气中的形态分布及在全球大气分布的特点和汞在大气中的迁移转化规律等方面进行了详细地介绍,提出了大气汞研究的展望。评述了近年来水生生态系统汞的生物地球化学循环研究领域的新进展及存在问题,提出了对汞甲基化机理认识的研究要进一步加强的观点。对汞矿开采和混汞法炼金区环境汞污染及对居民健康的危害研究进展进行了详细地评述,指出矿区居民汞暴露的主要途径。最后,本文还总结了目前人体暴露不同形态汞对人体健康影响的最新进展。

英文摘要：

Due to special physicochemical property and extreme toxicity, mercury is regarded as a global pollutant. The progress on the emission sources of mercury to the air, the distribution and speciation of mercury in ambient air in the global scale and the transformation of mercury in the troposphere is critically reviewed. We also highlighted the future research needs regarding mercury cycling in the global atmosphere. The new achievements on mercury biogeochemical cycling in aquatic systems are summarized and it is pointed out that more study is urgently needed to scrutinize the mechanism of mercury methylation in aquatic systems. The status of mercury pollution to the local environment and it impacts on human health in mercury mining and gold mining areas are summarized, and the major pathway of mercury exposure to local inhabitants are pointed out. Finally, we summarize the recent progress on the health impacts of people who exposed to different mercury species.