中文摘要：

超结构模型的研究和应用可以有效解决化工、水处理、钢铁、冶金等领域中逐渐凸显的能源效率问题,常见于工业系统中的热交换网络和质量交换网络、水网以及其他网络。详细论述了换热网络中的基于状态空间超结构、基于分级超结构模型,以及两种经典超结构模型思想在质量交换网络、水网中的应用。完成超结构构建后,根据工业的实际生产状况,一般以年度总费用为目标函数,选取合理算法优化超结构网络,最终得到所需的新建或者改建方案。总结归纳了常见的优化算法,主要分为两大类：确定性算法和随机算法。最后阐述了超结构模型在科学研究和实际工程应用中还存在的问题以及下一步的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Research and application of superstructure can effectively solve the problem of energy efficiency in the fields of chemical industry, water treatment, steel, metallurgy and so on, and were commonly found in heat exchanger network, mass exchanger networks, water networks and other networks. This article reviews the heat exchanger network based on the state-space superstructure model, stage-wise superstructure model and mass exchanger network, water network based on two classical ideological superstructure model. After the construction of the superstructure, according to the actual situation of industrial production, the total annual cost is chosen as the general objective function, appropriate algorithm is selected to optimize network superstructure, finally the required new or renovation program are obtained. This paper also summarizes common optimization algorithm, it divided into two categories： deterministic algorithm and random algorithm. Finally, the article describes the problems of superstructure modeling in scientific research and practical application, and its future research directions.