为了保证并网逆变器的进网电流与电网电压同步,需要通过锁相环对电网电压进行锁相,并利用检测出的电网电压相位生成电流基准。该文以单相LCL型并网逆变器为例,建立锁相环的小信号模型,并根据该模型推导并网逆变器基于阻抗的稳定判据。通过分析该判据可知,在电网阻抗可忽略不计时,锁相环对并网逆变器的稳定性无影响;当电网阻抗不可忽略时,锁相环带宽、并网电流幅值给定和输出功率因数都会影响系统的稳定。为了保证系统在弱电网下的稳定性,给出一种基于相角裕度要求的锁相环参数设计方法,并进行实验验证,实验结果证明了理论分析的正确性。
For grid-connected inverter, the current injected into utility network has to be synchronized with the grid voltage, and Phase-Locked Loop(PLL) is widely used as an efficient approach to detect grid phase angle. The inverter uses detected grid phase angle to generate synchronized current reference, thus PLL itself acts as a part of the control loop of the inverter and it will certainly affect system stability. This article focused on the single-phase LCL-type grid-connected inverter, and presented the small signal model of PLL. Meanwhile, the impedance-based stability criterion was developed. Based on the criterion, it was pointed out that in stiff grid, where the grid impedance can be neglected, the stability of the inverter will not be affected by PLL. But if the grid is weak, PLL has strong effect on the stability of the inverter, and the effect mainly depends on the bandwidth of PLL, load condition and power factor of the inverter. In order to ensure the stability of the system, a method which design the control parameters of PLL based on phase margin requirements was also proposed in this paper. The experimental results were given to verify the validity of theoretical analysis presented above.