中文摘要：

基于设施菜田肥料定位试验地，研究了长期施用化肥对土壤线虫群落结构及多样性的影响，为设施蔬菜的合理施肥和可持续生产提供理论依据。研究期间，共鉴定土壤线虫38个属，其中假海矛属（Pseudhalenchus）、短体属（Pratylenchus）和真滑刃属（Aphelenchus）为优势属。长期施用化肥显著增加各研究土层的线虫总数，并改变线虫的群落结构。长期施化肥对0～10cm土层线虫各生态指数的影响不显著。在10，20am和20～40cm土层，长期施用化肥显著提高食真菌与食细菌线虫比例（F／B）而降低线虫通路比值（NCR），表明其促进以食真菌为主的腐屑食物网分解通道；其显著提高优势度指数（A）而降低香农指数（H＇）、均匀度指数（J）和丰富度指数（SR），表明长期施用化肥导致土壤线虫多样性降低。土壤线虫可以作为评价施肥对土壤质量影响的生物指标。

英文摘要：

Impact of chemical fertilizer on soil nematode community composition and diversity was monitored in a long-term field experiment under greenhouse condition. During the study, thirty eight genera were identified, of which Pseudhalenchus, Pratylenchus and Aphelenchus were dominant genera. Long-term fertilization significantly increased the number of total nematodes and changed nematode trophic structure in each study depths. Nematode ecological indexes in 0 - 10 cm depth did not significantly respond to the long-term fertilization. In depths of 10 - 20 cm and 20 -40 cm, the long-term fertilization significantly elevated fungivores to bacterivores ratio （F/B） while decreased nematode channel index （NCR）, indicating the more fungal-pathway dominated in decomposition pathway. In addition, the application of chemical fertilizer significantly enhanced the values of dominance index （A） while decreased those of evenness index （J）, Shannon-Weiner diversity index （H＇） and richness index （SR）, indicated the reduced diversity of soil nematodes, in depths of 10 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm. Nematodes could be used as bioindicators for assessing soil quality change under chemical fertilization.