中文摘要：

基于流固耦合模型试验系统的研究现状及存在问题，以青岛胶州湾海底隧道F4–4断层为研究对象，研制海底隧道新型可拓展突水模型试验系统。该系统由可拓展模型试验台架、涌水量采集量测装置及水位自动提升加载装置组成。试验台架采用高强度钢材及钢化玻璃为主体材料，由多榀独立钢构件及内部高强钢化玻璃观察室栓接组合而成，实现试验过程的可视化并兼具美观性，并可根据试验需要通过多组预留螺栓孔进行纵向尺寸拓展，能够实现对断层等不良地质体的模拟；涌水量采集量测装置由涌水采集器、导水管、流速测量传感器等组成，可实现对断层涌水量的实时监测。同时，研制2种满足流固耦合相似要求的水理性质不同的相似材料，能够很好地模拟断层及普通围岩，满足试验要求，并采用光栅光纤监测元件、微型压力盒全程采集断层、普通围岩处位移、渗压、应力等多元信息。采用上述模型试验系统对断层突水进行物理模拟，揭示开挖及突水灾变演化过程中断层及普通围岩多物理场信息演化规律。试验结果表明该系统稳定可靠，研究方法及结果对今后类似工程的研究具有指导和借鉴意义。

英文摘要：

In order to investigate the fault F4–4 at the undersea tunnel in Jiaozhou Bay near Qingdao,an extendable testing system modeling water inrush in subsea tunnel overcoming the problems in the existing fluid-solid coupling model test was developed. The testing system composed of an extendable model bench,a water inflow acquisition and measurement device and an automatic water-level upgrading and loading device. The extendable model bench was made of high-strength steel and tempered glass. The steel structure members operated independently connecting with the glass room for observation,which made the testing process visible and the equipment attractive in appearance. The bench was made extendanle along the longitudinal dimension through the prefabricated bolt holes according to the test needs,achieving the simulation of different geological defects. The water inflow acquisition and measurement device was composed of the water inflow acquisition appliance,the aqueduct and the flow rate measurement sensors to monitor real-time water inflow. Meanwhile,two kinds of similar materials different in hydraulic property were developed according to the similarity conditions in fluid-solid coupling,and were proved to be suitable for simulating the fault and the normal surrounding rock. The information of multivariate precursors in real time water inrush tests such as the displacement,the stress and the seepage pressure was collected with the fiber grating sensors and the micro pressure cells. Model tests of water inrush in fault were carried out with the built model testing system. The variations of the displacement and the seepage of fault and surrounding rock mass were captured in the process of the water inrush and excavation process. Test results showed that the system was stable and reliable.