中文摘要：

骨质疏松症（osteoporosis,OP）是由成骨细胞（osteoblast,OB）负责的骨形成和破骨细胞（osteoclast,OC）负责的骨吸收之间的平衡被打破所致。已有大量研究证实转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β）通路和骨形态发生蛋白（bone morphogenetic proteins,BMPs）通路能调控骨形成与骨吸收的平衡,而Smad蛋白家族（Smad）直接介导TGF-β通路和BMP通路下游的信号转导,在调节骨代谢过程中扮演重要的角色。本文针对OP,主要从Smad影响OB与OC的作用方面进行综述。

英文摘要：

Osteoporosis is caused by the disruption of the balance between the osteoblasts responsible for bone formation and the osteoclasts responsible for bone resorption. A large number of studies have confirmed that transforming growth factor-β（ TGF-β）and bone morphogenetic proteins（ BMPs） signaling pathway can regulate the balance of bone formation and bone resorption. Smad directly mediates the signal transduction in the TGF-β and BMP signaling pathway,and therefore plays an important role in the regulation of bone metabolism. In this paper,we reviewed the influence of Smad on osteoblast and osteoclast in osteoporosis.