中文摘要：

尽管有在中国的 cryptococcal 感染的分子的传染病学上的最近的报告的背景，临床孤立主要从人的免疫不全病毒( HIV )被报导了否定病人，并且环境从中国孤立很少有这研究的 included.The 目的是在 China.Methods 调查 Cryptococcus (C.) neoformans 和 C.gattii 的生态的侧面调查从 20 潨摮楲污映湵瑣潩?湡?浩慰物摥?在 10 个城市里被执行??湩汦硵椠?敢慴挠汥獬椠?楤'L瑥捩瀠瑡敩瑮?湡?湡浩

英文摘要：

Background Despite recent reports on the molecular epidemiology of cryptococcal infections in China,clinical isolates have been mostly reported from human immunodeficiency virus （HIV）-negative patients,and environmental isolates from China have rarely been included.The aim of this study was to investigate the ecological profile of Cryptococcus （C.）neoformans and C.gattii in China.Methods A survey was performed in 10 cities from 20°N （North latitude） to 50°N and in a Eucalyptus （E.） camaldulensis forestry farm at the Guixi forestry center,China.Results Six hundred and twenty samples of pigeon droppings from 10 cities and 819 E.camaldulensis tree samples were collected and inoculated on caffeic acid cornmeal agar （CACA）.The brown-colored colonies were recultured to observe their morphology,growth on canavanine-glycine-bromothymol-blue （CGB） medium,phenol oxidase and urease activities,serotype and mating type.There were obvious differences in the positive sample rates of C.neoformans in pigeon droppings collected from the different cities,ranging from 50% in the cities located at latitudes from 30°N-40°N,29% at 20°N-30°N and 13% at 40°N-50°N.Conclusions There were no differences in positive bevy rates （approximately 80%） among the three grouped cities.Mycological tests of 101 isolates purified from pigeon droppings revealed that they were C.neoformans var.grubii.We also observed variable capsular size around the C.neoformans cells in colonies with variable melanin production and the bio-adhesion of the natural C.neoformans cells with other microorganisms.One urease-negative C.neoformans isolatewas isolated from pigeon droppings in Jinan city.No C.gattiiwas isolated in this study.