中文摘要：

经由整个染色体的复制(WGD ) 的 Polyploidization 是在有机体的普通现象。然而，进这现象的调查在植物和动物之间极大地不同。关于多倍体植物的最近的研究说明跟随 WGD 和机制拖欠的立即的变化基因并且 epigenetic 后果。不幸地，相等的问题尚待在动物被探索。由植物的研究照亮了，在脊椎动物的 polyploidization 的学习包含模型动物的鉴定和策略的建立。当在染色体尺寸考虑 intrageneric 或 intraspecific 变化时，这里，我们在工厂和脊椎动物上考察并且比较研究。最近上的合适的研究方法证实 polyploidy 系统能为在脊椎动物发生在 WGD 以后的理解提供重要线索。途径在脊椎动物产出卓见进幸存和 polyploidization 的稀有。Carassius 和金鱼敢甠? 潴 ? 的 allopolyploid 系统的种类 ? 祥獥？

英文摘要：

Polyploidization via whole-genome duplications （WGD） is a common phenomenon in organisms. However, investigations into this phenomenon differ greatly between plants and animals. Recent research on polyploid plants illustrates the immediate changes that follow WGDs and the mechanisms behind in both genetic and epigenetic consequences. Unfortunately, equivalent questions remain to be explored in animals. Enlightened by botanical research, the study of polyploidization in vertebrates involves the identification of model animals and the establishment of strategies. Here we review and compare the research on plants and vertebrates while considering intrageneric or intraspecific variation in genome size. Suitable research methods on recently established poly- ploidy systems could provide important clues for under- standing what happens after WGDs in vertebrates. The approach yields insights into survival and the rarity of polyploidization in vertebrates. The species of Carassius and the allopolyploid system of goldfish × common carp hybridization appear to be suitable models for unraveling the evolution and adaptation of polyploid vertebrates.