中文摘要：

分级集合滤波（Hierarchical Ensemble Filter,HEF）和采样误差修正（Sampling Error Correction,SEC）局地化算法能够使采样误差取得极小值,且不需要给出距离的定义。为了检验其理论优势,基于集合卡尔曼滤波（Ensemble Kalman Filter,EnKF）方法同化模拟雷达资料,通过与Gaspari-Cohn（GC）局地化算法对比,分析不同局地化算法对EnKF同化效果的影响。结果表明,HEF和SEC局地化算法的雷达回波在水平和垂直方向上均强于GC局地化算法。HEF局地化算法各个变量的离散度最高,均方根误差最低;SEC局地化算法离散度略低,均方根误差略高;GC局地化算法离散度最低,均方根误差最高。相比于GC局地化算法,HEF和SEC局地化算法的冷池强度减弱,面积减小,下沉气流的速度和范围增大,雹霰混合比的大小和覆盖面积增大。通过模拟发现,HEF局地化算法模拟的北侧对流中心最强,SEC局地化算法模拟的南侧对流中心最强,且模拟出（40 km,60 km）处的强对流中心。HEF局地化算法模拟的冷池强度最强,HEF和SEC局地化算法基本上模拟出北侧的雹霰混合比高值区。这表明HEF局地化算法有效地改进了基于GC局地化算法的EnKF雷达资料同化效果,SEC局地化算法减小了计算量,是HEF局地化算法较好的近似。

英文摘要：

The hierarchical ensemble filter（HEF） and sampling error correction （SEC） localization methods can mini- mize sampling error without giving definition of physical distance.To examine the advantages of the two methods and the possibility of applying them to storm-scale assimilation, experiments involving assimilating radar data are conducted using the ensemble Kalrnan filter（ EnKF） .Compared with the Gaspari-Cohn（GC） experiment,the in- fluence of the localization methods on the assimilation effect is investigated.Results show that the analysis reflec- tivity coverage of all the experiments is smaller than the true reflectivity.The analysis reflectivity of the HEF ex- periment is bigger than that of the GC experiment in both the horizontal and vertical directions.The analysis error of most model variables decreases with time and becomes lower after analysis.This indicates that radar data assim- ilation can help to improve the quality of the forecast field.The RMSE of the HEF experiment is the smallest and the analysis error of the SEC experiment is smaller than the GC experiment.Compared with the GC experiment, the analysis error of the U,V and W of the HEF experiment decreases more sharply than the microphysical varia- bles, including QR （ cloud-water mixing ratio ）, QC （ rainwater mixing ratio）, QI （ ice mixing ratio）, QS （ snow mixing ratio） and QG（graupel mixing ratio）.For U, V and W, the analysis error decreases by 25% and,for mi- crophysical variables,it decreases by 17%.The spread of the HEF experiment is largest and the spread of the SEC experiment is larger than that of the GC experiment.Compared with the GC experiment, the spread of the U, V and W of the HEF experiment increases by 45%, while that of the microphysical variables increases by 42%.In the convective region, the temperature is colder than the environment, which is called the cold pool.This is caused by the evaporation of the rainwater in the convective system.The strength and coverage of the cold pool of the