中文摘要：

利用1951-20lO年（美国）国家环境预报中心／（美国）国家大气研究中心（NCEP／NCAR）月平均再分析资料，从不同时间尺度分析了马斯克林高压、澳大利亚高压的气候特征，并与西太平洋副热带高压进行定量化的对比分析．结果表明：3种高压的变化有明显的一致性，自20世纪70年代中期以来，马斯克林高压趋于偏强、偏西、偏南，各特征指数变化程度最大；西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西，变化程度次之；澳大利亚高压偏强、偏西，变化程度最小．3种高压与南极涛动呈显著正相关，且南极涛动于20世纪70年代初期超前3种高压发生了年代际转折，均由弱变强．

英文摘要：

The climatic characteristics of Mascarene high and Australia high are analyzed at different time scales using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis monthly average data. Quantitative comparative anal- ysis of Mascarene high, Australia high and West Pacific subtropical high are also given. Results suggest that the climatology and interannual to interdecadal variabilities of Mascarene high, Australia high and West Pacific subtropical high are highly consistent with each other, the Mascarene high tends to be more strong, and moves towards the southwest since the middle of 1970s; in addition, the West Pacific subtropical high and Australia high also get stronger, and move to west. All of them are also positively significantly correlated with the Antarctic Atmospheric Oscillation （AAO）, a decadal transition of AAO from a weak to strong phase occurred in the early 1970s which is ahead of the transition time of Mascarene high, Australia high and West Pacific subtropical high.