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中文摘要：
以危害性极大的车轴横裂纹为研究对象,分析裂纹车轴的振动特性,设计车轴裂纹在线监测系统。研究表明：当车轴存在裂纹时,其振动具有非线性特性,振动中出现各次谐波分量;1次和2次谐波的响应变化随裂纹扩展而增大,变化幅度随裂纹在车轴上的位置不同而不同,且2次谐波比1次谐波的响应变化大得多,3次及其以上的谐波对较浅裂纹来说可以忽略。结合机车车辆轮对振动监测的特殊性,提出综合运用转速跟踪采样、时域累加和平均、历经谱分析等方法对车轴裂纹进行振动监测分析,可有效抑制由支承轴承、车载设备或偶然性激励引起的背景噪声。经过在机车车辆轮对跑合试验台上的监测试验,监测结果与实际车轴裂纹相符,表明提出的在线监测方法能有效监测和识别列车车轴裂纹。
英文摘要：
After studying the horizontal crack which does great harm to train, the vibration characteristics is analyzed and the on-line monitoring system of train axle crack is designed. It shows that harmonic components appeared and the vibration characteristic of axle was nonlinear when the crack occurred, the response of the first and second harmonic were enhanced while the crack extended and the change extent was different while the crack location on the axle changed. And the response of the second harmonic changed far greater than that of the first one while the third one can be literally ignored. Based on the characteristics of the wheelsets, and the sampling of rotation-speed tracking, time domain cumulative sum and average technique applied, the on-line monitoring system of the train axle crack is designed, which can effectively restrain the background noise from the pedestal bearing, on-board equipment and incidental excitation. The result is in accordance with the factual cracks through the test of monitoring on running-in testbed, which shows the on-line monitoring method can monitor and identify axle crack efficiently.
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