中文摘要：

改革开放以来，我国流动人口增长迅猛，但目前我国还缺乏对流动人口进行快速动态监测的有效方法与方案，特别是未能考虑我国流动人口的区域差异性，这已成为各级政府在进行科学决策和及时行动时的主要制约因素之一。本文尝试提出一种基于区域差异的我国流动人口快速监测方法，旨在应用流动人口区域差异的知识来改正流动人口监测样点网络布局方案和监测指标体系，突出监测重点，节约监测成本，提高监测绩效。该方法依次由划分流动人口区域类型、制定监测样点网络布局方案、设计监测指标体系、估算流动人口规模与特征、数据校核及区域类型调整等五个步骤所组成。

英文摘要：

Since the start of opening and reform up in 1978, China＇s floating population has been increasing dramatically and has had strong influences on its urbanization and regional development. However, China is lack of an effective rapid monitoring method on its rapid increasing floating population, in particular the regional differentiation of floating population has never been considered by the current monitoring methods, which has in fact become major constrains to scientific decision-making and just-in-time action of governments at all levels. By applying the scientific research and knowledge to the regional differentiation types of floating population in China to improve its monitoring methods, this paper proposes a new rapid monitoring method on floating population based on its spatial differentiation and regional types. This method consists of 5 steps or components as follows： （1） to identify regional differentiation types of floating population, （2） to design an effective spatial network of monitoring sample regions, （3） to construct various monitoring indictors for different regional types according to their specific characteristics of floating population, （4） to estimate the total number and characteristics of floating population in the whole country or a certain region, and （5） to check up with new census data and to readjust the identification of regional differentiation types. Because this method can distinguish the active regions from the inactive regions of floating population, it can identify hot spots, reduce the number of monitoring region samples and thus enhance the efficiency.