中文摘要：

合成孔径雷达（Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR）应用性能主要受限于同时获取高分辨与宽测绘幅宽的雷达图像的能力。而对于极化SAR（Polarimetric SAR,Pol SAR）系统而言,其测绘幅宽更加受限。近年来,称为混合极化（Hybrid-Polarity,HP）架构的新型极化SAR架构吸引了广泛的注意。相比于传统的线性极化SAR,基于混合极化架构的极化SAR具有两点重要优势：更宽的测绘幅宽与更低的硬件要求。该文首先回顾了包括系统设计、系统模型与定标方法在内的混合极化架构相关原理。接着详细阐述了混合极化架构在定标与发射配置两个方面在工程实现中的难点并提出了一种改进型混合极化架构。与此同时,还介绍了以实验验证为目的而开发的原型实验系统。该文的后半部分回顾了适用于基于混合极化架构的极化SAR的相关应用。由于基于混合极化架构的极化SAR系统产生的全极化数据可以直接转换为传统的线性全极化数据,因此这一部分内容主要集中在对应的双极化应用,即简缩极化（Compact Polarimetry,CP）应用上。

英文摘要：

The application performance of Synthetic Aperture Radar（SAR） instruments is generally limited in their capability to acquire radar images with both high-resolution and wide swath coverage.The available swath width of Polarimetric SAR（PolSAR） systems is even more restricted.Recently,a new Pol SAR architecture called the Hybrid-Polarity（HP） architecture has attracted worldwide attentions.Compared with conventional linearly-polarized Pol SARs,HP architecture based Pol SARs have significant advantages such as wider swath coverage and lower hardware requirement.In this paper,the principles of the HP architecture,including system designs,system models and calibration methods are first reviewed.Two implementation difficulties of the HP architecture,concerning calibration issue and transmit configuration are illustrated.In order to overcome these problems,an improved version of the HP architecture is proposed.A prototype system based on this improved HP architecture developed for experimental validation is also introduced.In the latter part of this paper,applications suitable for the HP architecture based Pol SARs are reviewed.Since the quadrature-polarimetric（quad-pol） data provided by an HP architecture based Pol SAR system may be directly transformed into conventional linearly-polarized quad-pol data,this part of review is mainly focused on the corresponding dual-pol applications,i.e.Compact Polarimetry（CP） applications.