中文摘要：

传统观念认为脓毒症（sepsis）是一种失控的、持久性全身炎症反应。目前,人们渐渐认识到,在脓毒症的发病过程中机体并非处于一成不变的免疫激活状态,负向调控机制在脓毒症的发生与发展中也发挥着重要作用。在脓毒症的初始阶段,以大量的促炎介质释放为主要特征,但随着病程的进展,机体可能经历了一个免疫负调控阶段,

英文摘要：

Sepsis is not only a primitively systemic inflammatory response to presumed or known infection,but also closely related to the immune status.In the initial stage of sepsis,a phase of immune activation could be evident,but a marked apoptosis-induced depletion of lymphocytes and a series of impairments in nonspecific immunological functions following severe trauma and burns appear to be responsible to the susceptibility of subsequent septic complications.Presently,negative regulation has been shown to play a pivotal role in the maintenance of peripheral homeostasis and regulation of immune responses.Understanding the basic immunological pathway of negative regulation should provide novel insights into the mechanisms of sepsis and immune homeostasis.This review provides a summary of the negative-regulatory pathways that are involved in the pathogenesis of sepsis.