中文摘要：

为了研究大孔隙对土壤入渗及侵蚀的影响,建立了一个土壤入渗数学模型。模型包括2个流区：①基质流区,该区水流由达西公式模拟;②大孔隙流区,运用运动波方程以及与大孔隙形状相关的参数进行水流模拟。大孔隙流区和基质流区水量交换在质量守恒方程中作为汇项,而在基质流区连续方程中则是作为源项来考虑,大孔隙壁对基质的入渗通过扩散方程来模拟。通过土柱试验验证模型对入渗结果的模拟,试验观测土柱底部的出流量,用TDR探针在规则时段间隔记录土壤含水量。验证结果表明所建立的模型能够充分模拟土柱底孔出流过程线和含水量的时间变化。

英文摘要：

In order to study the influences of macropores on infiltration and erosion of soils,a mathematical model consisting of two flow domains was established for the infiltration of soils,that is,the soil matrix with flows modeled by means of the Darcy equation and the macropores with flows modeled by use of a kinematic wave equation and the parameters related with the shape of the macropores.The water exchange between the macropore domain and the matrix domain was regarded as the sink term in the macropore mass conservation equation and as the source term in the matrix continuity equation.The infiltration through the macropore walls was modeled by means of the diffusion equation.The modeling of the infiltration results of this model was validated by use of the soil column experiments.The outflow rate from the bottom surface of the soil column was measured,and the water content of the soils was recorded at regular time intervals by means of TDR horizontal probes.The validated results show that the proposed model can adequately simulate the outflow hydrographs from the bottom outlet of the soil column as well as the temporal evolution of water content profile.