中文摘要：

本文于2011年1—12月对胶州湾海域浮游植物进行了周年调查,获得了同步的温盐和营养盐数据,分析了浮游植物丰度、优势种类、多样性指数和季节变化特征及其与环境影响因子的关系。结果表明：共检出浮游植物108种（包括变种和变型）,其中硅藻门34属93种,甲藻门6属14种,金藻门1属1种。浮游植物主要由硅藻和甲藻两大类组成,其中硅藻占绝对优势,全年甲藻/硅藻比均小于0.08。优势种共有35种,夏、冬季优势种交替明显,全年几乎均出现的种类为圆筛藻（Coscinodiscus spp.）,旋链角毛藻（Chaetoceros curvisetus）和中肋骨条藻（Skeletonema costatum）。生态类型主要以广布种、广温近岸种、温带近岸种为主,也出现了少数暖水种和外洋种。浮游植物丰度分别在2月、4月和7月份达到峰值,其中4月全年最高,为591×10^6cell/m3,2月是次高峰,数量为468×10^6cell/m3,7月为172×10^6cell/m3,秋季浮游植物丰度相对较低。本研究结果与胶州湾浮游植物典型双峰型变化不同。浮游植物群落多样性指数平均为2.4,秋、冬季节较高,春、夏季节偏低,水平分布上呈现湾外〉湾口〉湾内的趋势,均匀度平均值为0.26,分布趋势与多样性指数基本相同。由此可见,湾外浮游植物群落结构较湾口和湾内更为稳定,温度、硅酸盐、亚硝酸盐、硝酸盐、铵盐和磷酸盐对浮游植物丰度和群落结构存在明显影响。

英文摘要：

An annual investigation on phytoplankton community was carried out in Jiaozhou Bay, Qingdao, East China, from January to December in 2011. Environmental data included temperature, salinity, and nutrients. The abundance, dominant species, diversity index, and dinoflagellate/diatom ratio were calculated. Total 108 species and varieties of phytoplankton were identified, of which 93 in 34 genera were Bacillariophyta, 14 species in 6 genera were Pyrrophyta, and 1 species in 1 genus was Chrysophyta. The phytoplankton community consisted mainly of diatom and dinoflagellate, and dominated by diatom. The annual average dinoflagellate/diatom ratio was less than 0.08. There were 35 dominant species, of which the following species spread widely in all seasons： Coscinodiscus spp., Chaetoceros curvisetus, and Skeletonema costatum. The ecological types were mainly eurytopic species, neritic temperate species, and a few warm water species and oceanic species in different seasons. The dominant species alternated obviously in winter and summer. The cell number of phytoplankton peaked in February, April, and July, at 591×10~6, 468×10~6, and 172×10~6cell/m~3, respectively, and was relatively low in the autumn. This result was different from typical two-peak pattern reported previously. The average diversity index（H′） was 2.4, relatively higher in autumn and winter. The value of H′ was the highest outside of the bay, followed by that at the mouth, and then inside of the bay, the least. The average evenness（J） of the phytoplankton community was 0.26, and its horizontal distribution was similar to that of H′, which means that the structure of phytoplankton community in the outside of Jiaozhou Bay was more stable than that at the mouth and inside the bay. Temperature, Si O_3（2–）-Si, NO_2–-N, NO_3–-N, NH_4＋-N, and P were the main environmental factors affecting the abundance and community structure of phytoplankton.