中文摘要：

超细晶/纳米晶金属材料具有优异的力学性能,广泛应用于航天、航空、机械、电气、医学等领域。蠕变经常是在高应力或高温下工作的零部件失效模型的主要变形机制之一,因此对蠕变行为进行系统深入的研究是非常必要的。近年来,蠕变形为研究也成为了超细晶/纳米晶金属材料领域的一个重要发展方向。本文综述了纳米粉末合成、电解沉积和剧烈塑性变形制备的超细晶/纳米晶金属材料的蠕变行为研究进展。介绍了蠕变性能研究的主要方法——单轴蠕变试验和纳米压痕蠕变试验,对比了两种试验方法的测试数据。重点从稳态蠕变应力指数、蠕变激活能和蠕变应变速率方面论述了纳米粉末合成、电解沉积和剧烈塑性变形制备的超细晶/纳米晶金属材料的蠕变行为,分析了超细晶/纳米晶金属材料的晶界滑动和晶界扩散蠕变机制以及位错运动蠕变机制,同时进一步指出蠕变行为及机制研究中存在的问题及发展趋势。

英文摘要：

Uhrafine/nano-grained metallic materials are applied in the field of aviation, aerospace, machinery, transportation and medicine industries due to their excellent mechanical properties. Creep is always one of the main deformation mechanisms of failure model for the parts that are used in high stress and high temperature conditions. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate creep behavior systematically. Creep behavior has become one of the research interests in the field of uhrafine/nano-grained metallic materials. The researches on creep behavior of ultrafine/nano-grained metallic materials fabricated by synthesis of nanopowder, electro- deposition and severe plastic deformation were summarized. The test methods for creep property were described such as uuiaxial and nanoindentation creep tests. The results of uniaxial and nanoindentation creep tests were compared. Creep behavior and grain boundary slide, grain boundary diffusion and dislocation motion creep mechanism of ultrafine/nano-grained metallic materials fabricated by syn-thesis of nanopowder, electrodeposition and severe plastic deformation were discussed in terms of steady creep stress exponent, the corresponding creep activation energy and creep strain rate. The research status and existing problems of creep behavior and creep mechanism were suggested.