中文摘要：

氮肥是油菜生长发育需要的重要营养元素之一，增施氮肥可提高油菜籽产量和蛋白质含量，但降低种子含油量。筛选氮肥不敏感油菜基因型、发掘氮肥响应基因及调控网络研究尚不多见。本研究以油菜中双11和德国品种Parter为材料，设置4个氮水平（施用尿素0、90、180和270kghm之），随机区组试验，利用Agilent油菜基因芯片在全基因组水平分析施氮（180kghm卫）和未施氮（对照）处理授粉25d种子的基因表达谱。结果显示，随着施氮量的增加，种子含油量降低，而蛋白质含量增加，且在2个品种中的变化程度不同，Parter含油量的下降水平比中双11显著。处理与对照相比，中双11和Parter分别有827个和3676个差异表达基因，明显存在基因型的差异；2个品种中共同的差异表达基因有278个，其中上调表达的151个，下调表达的80个，差异表达在10倍以上的基因有4个。根据基因功能注释，2个品种中的差异表达基因分子功能主要为催化、结合和转录调节活性，参与细胞、代谢和应激等生物过程，约50％的差异基因未得到功能注释。选择8个差异表达基因进行实时荧光定量PCR分析，结果显示2种方法的检测结果吻合率为94％，表明检测结果具有一定的生物重复性。本结果为进一步筛选油菜氮肥敏感基因型、开展氮应答机制研究提供了有用信息。

英文摘要：

Nitrogen is one of the major fertilizers to Brassica napus L., it has concluded that increasing nitrogen application would raise seed yield, enhance protein abundance but decrease oil content. Up-to-date, little is known on screening nitro- gen-tolerant B. napus and identifying nitrogen-response genes and their networks. In the paper, we designed four nitrogen applica- tion levels （0, 90, 180, and 270 kg ha1） using Brassica napus accessions Zhongshuang 11 and Parter （from Germany） with ran- domized block design. The results indicated that the seed protein content increased whereas oil content decreased with increasing nitrogen levels. There existed variance in protein and oil contents between Zhongshuang 11 and Parter. The oil content decline was obviously higher in Parter than in Zhongshuang 11. The comparison of 25 days after pollination （DAP） seeds by Agilent oil- seed microarrays at the whole-genome level between 180 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer treatment and CK showed that Zhongshuang 11 contained 827 differential expressed genes, Parter comprised 3 676 differentially expressed genes, and two varieties jointly shared 278 differentially expressed genes, including 151 genes up-regulated and 80 genes down-regulated, and four genes with at least 10-fold difference expression. The functional classification of differentially expressed genes indicated that they mainly had binding, catalytic activities and transcriptional regulation activities. Most of them were involved in cellular, metabolic, and stimu- lative processes. The genes （about 50%） without function annotation should be studied further. Additionally, the expression of eight differentially expressed genes was validated by Quantitative RT-PCR. The results from the two methods were 94% consis- tent, which indicated that the microarray results were biologically reproducible. Our results shade light on exploring mechanism of nitrogen response and nitrogen-tolerance genotype identification in B. napus.