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镉、汞、铅和石油烃复合污染对渤海湾常见渔业资源生物的影响初探

期刊名称：生态毒理学报，2011，5(6):793-802
时间：0
分类：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]
作者机构：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,青岛266071, [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049
相关基金：国家重点基础研究973项目课题（No.2011CB403602;No.2007CB407305）; 国家基金委“创新研究群体科学基金”（No.40821004）
相关项目：我国典型海域生态系统演变过程与机制

关键词：重金属, 石油烃, 加速生命试验法, 效应加和模型, 长期死亡率, 种群增长率, 渤海湾, heavy metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, Accelerated Life Testing, independence addition model, long-term mortality, population growth rate, Bohai Bay

中文摘要：

通过对1996～2005年渤海湾近岸海域海水镉、汞、铅和石油烃浓度变化的分析,发现海水中镉浓度呈明显上升趋势,汞、铅和石油烃则无明显变化趋势.加速生命试验法模型（Accelerated Life Testing model）的研究显示,1996～2005年渤海湾近岸海域海水镉、汞和铅平均浓度均已超过其对渤海湾常见渔业资源生物的安全浓度.镉、汞、铅和石油烃对生物的长期致死率鱼类分别为4.5%、16.3%、0.0%和12.0%,甲壳类为0.4%、7.9%、0.3%和6.6%,双壳类为10.5%、0.2%、0.2%和2.3%.效应加和模型（Independence Action model）的估算表明,在镉、汞、铅和石油烃组成的复合污染条件下,渤海湾常见鱼类、甲壳类和双壳类的长期死亡率分别为29.7%、14.6%和12.9%,其种群增长率分别降低约6.4%、14.6%和12.9%.与镉、汞、铅和石油烃单种污染物暴露相比,其复合污染导致的渤海湾常见渔业资源生物种群（鱼类、甲壳类和双壳类）增长率的降低更明显.因此,复合污染是导致渤海湾渔业资源衰退的重要因素。

英文摘要：

Concentrations of Cd,Hg,Pb and petroleum hydrocarbons（PHs）in seawaters of the Bohai Bay during 1996～2005 have been discussed.It is found that Cd exhibited an increasing trend during this period,and that Hg,Pb and PHs didn＇t exhibit an obvious trend during the same time.Accelerated Life Testing model shows that the annual mean concentrations of Cd,Hg and Pb in seawaters of the Bohai Bay during 1996～2005 were higher than the safe concentrations of them to common fishery species in the Bohai Bay.The long-term lethality of Cd,Hg,Pb and PHs to fishes is 4.5%,16.3%,0.0% and 12.0%,respectively,that to crustaceans is 0.4%,7.9%,0.3% and 6.6%,respectively,and that to bivalves is 10.5%,0.2%,0.2% and 2.3%,respectively.Using Independence Addition model,it is estimated that the long-term lethality of Cd,Hg,Pb and PHs to fishes,crustaceans and bivalves is 29.7%,14.6% and 12.9%,respectively,which results in the reduction of population growth rate by about 6.4%,14.6% and 12.9%,respectively.Compared with the single exposure of Cd,Hg,Pb and PHs,the combined toxicity of them resulted in larger reduction of population growth rate of common fishery species in the Bohai Bay.Therefore,combined pollution is an important factor affecting the fishery decline in the Bohai Bay.