中文摘要：

燃料电池作为一种高效、无污染的能源转换器件，受到广泛关注．其阴极氧还原反应是决定电池性能最重要、最关键的因素之一，也是制约其商业化的关键瓶颈因素之一．因此，研究和开发高效氧还原催化剂及其催化机理，对于燃料电池的发展和商业化进程具有十分重要的意义．在简要介绍燃料电池的基础上，综述了近年来金属基氧还原电极材料催化氧还原反应的机理，金属基氧还原电极材料包括Pt催化剂、Pt—M催化剂、杂原子掺杂碳载金属类催化剂等，总结了提高催化活性和稳定性、降低催化剂制备成本和催化剂制备工艺等方面所取得的研究结果，并指出了各类催化剂目前尚待解决的问题和发展方向．

英文摘要：

Fuel cell（FC） as a highly efficient, non-pollution energy conversion device, has attracted much attention. The cathode oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） is one of the most important and critical factors for performance of the battery,and restrict the commercialization. Therefore,it is important to develop a high efficiency electrecatalyst for the ORR and the mechanism of oxygen reduction for the development and commercialization of FC. In this paper, research progresses of the ORR mechanism on metal-based electrocatalysts,have been systematically reviewed on the base of a brief introduction of the FC. The materials include the ptelectrecatalyst, Pt-M electrocatalyst and heteroatom-doped carbon supported metal electrocatalysts. The effort to improve the catalytic activity and durability of the electrocatalysts have been summarized. Reseach on decrease the cost of electrocatalysts and novel non-precious metal electrocatalysts are also reported. The urgent problems and future research focuses on these non-precious metal oxygen reduction electrocatalysts have pointed out.