中文摘要：

目的探讨小儿局限骨化性肌炎的临床特点、诊断、治疗与预后，以期提高对本病的认识能力。方法回顾分析13例患儿临床资料及影像学特点，随访其治疗结果及预后情况。结果13例患儿中，4例经病理活检确诊，包括3例因关节功能障碍或疼痛，作了骨化病灶切除术，其余9例结合临床及影像学的综合资料初步诊断并在随访观察中证实诊断，这9例主要临床特点为早期局部红肿热，后期包块伴局部关节活动受限，早期X线片无特殊发现，中后期可见高密度的由外向内呈带状、片、团状影与附近骨干并不相连；3例切除骨化块后2例完全康复，1例手指屈曲功能轻度受限，但较术前改善，1例39d患儿出院后死于其他病因，其余9例病变静止，多数有吸收趋势。结论本病是自限性疾病，但早期病变易与软组织感染、脓肿、骨髓炎或者恶性肿瘤等混淆，由于早中期影像学检查也多无特异性，诊断困难。局部无痛性红热肿块而无全身发热的特点，可能有助获得临床诊断并进一步随访确定诊断，合并全身发热、局部明显疼痛症状而又不能除外感染、恶性肿瘤者，仍需要及时进行活检手术，这仍然是获得正确治疗、避免误治的关键。

英文摘要：

Objective To study the clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of my- ositis ossificans circumscripta. Methods Clinical data of 13 children of myositis ossificans circum- scripta were retrospectively analyzed. Results Four cases were diagnosed by pathological examina- tion, including 3 cases who had resection of ossified mass because of joint dysfunction or pain. The other 9 cases were diagnosed according to clinical presentations and imaging features. The clinical presentations included redness, swelling, heat and tenderness. One case had no imaging abnormality at the early stage, but subsequently had typical X-ray features in mid and ）ate stages. Two of the 3 ca- ses who had resection recovered completely and one case had only very little impairment of finger flex- ion. During follow-up, eight of the 9 cases had stable disease, but one patient died of other unrelated cause. Conclusions Myositis ossificans circumscripta is a self-limiting disease, but it is often confused with other soft tissue conditions, such as abscess, osteomyelitis, or tumor at early stage. Clinical presentations may help to make a clinical diagnosis. Biopsy should be considered to avoid erroneous treatment.