中文摘要：

目的分析云南省流行性乙型脑炎（简称乙脑）流行病学特点，提供防制参考。方法收集全省乙脑疫情资料，用Excel建立数据库，用SPSS13．0统计软件进行统计分析。结果1976—2007年云南省共报告乙脑发病29693例，死亡3326例，年均发病率为2．46／10万，年均死亡率为0．29／10万，病死率为11．2％。发病率和病死率在20世纪70，80年代较高，90年代以来逐步下降，2007年发病率略有上升；发病地区主要集中在德宏、大理、保山、文山、红河、曲靖、昭通和西双版纳州（市）；全年均有发病，主要流行季节为7～10月，其中8月为高峰；报告病例中80．33％为≤15岁儿童。结论乙脑在云南省广泛分布，但主要流行地区为滇中、滇西和滇南地区；防制工作成效显著，但仍应加强高发地区儿童的预防接种和蚊虫控制工作。

英文摘要：

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis （JE） in Yunnan from 1976 to 2007 and provide the scientific basis for JE prevention and control. Methods JE epidemic data of Yunnan Province from 1976 to 2007 were collected to establish the epidemic information database with Excel which was analyzed with SPSS13.0 statistical software. Results From 1976 to 2007, there were total 29 693 cases with JE reported with an average morbidity of 2.46/100 000, 3 326 death cases were reported with an average mortality of 0.29/100 000 and a fatality rate was 11.2% in Yunnan Province during 1976 - 2007. The data showed that the morbidity and mortality were high in 1970s and 1980s and had gradually declined since 1990s. However, their incidence rate increased slightly in 2007. The JE cases were mainly reported in some areas such as Dehong, Dali, Baoshan, Wenshan, Honghe, Qujing, Xishuangbanna and Zhaotong prefectures. JE occurred in the whole year but the main prevalence season was between July and October with the peak in August. About 80.33% of the reported JE cases were children under or at the age of 15 years old. Conclusions JE distributes in Yunnan widely. However, the main endemic areas are central, western and southern regions of Yunnan. The JE prevention and control has achieved great success but vaccination in children and mosquito control work should be strengthened in high epidemic area of JE.