中文摘要：

采用硅烷偶联剂对纳米二氧化锡（SnO2）进行表面接枝改性，增加其疏水性，改善SnO2与有机物的相容性。以改性纳米SnO2、间苯二酚（R）和甲醛（F）为原料，在碱性催化剂和表面活性剂作用下经溶胶-凝胶过程，制得球形SnO2／间苯二酚／甲醛湿凝胶，经过超临界干燥和炭化处理得到锡／碳二元复合微球。采用扫描电镜（SEM）、透射电镜（TEM）、X-射线衍射（XRD）对锡／碳复合微球的形貌和结构进行了表怔，并测试其电化学性能.形貌分析显示平均粒径为40nm的金属锡颗粒均匀分散在炭气凝胶微球中，电化学测试表明锡／碳复合微球显示了较高的储锂容量和较好的循环性能。

英文摘要：

SnO2 nanoparticles with a mean diameter of 20 nm were modified by thesilane coupling agent KH-560 （γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane） in order to enhance their hydrophobic properties and improve their compatibility with organic materials, Spherical SnO2/RF （resorcinol-formald.ehyde） organic aerogels were synthesized in a sol-gel process using the modified SnO2, resorcinol and formaldehyde with the aid of a catalyst and surfactant. Finally, carbon/tin microspheres were obtained by supercritical drying and carbonization at 800℃ in a nitrogen atmosphere. The morphology and structure of the composite microspheres were characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. The electrochemical properties of the Sn/C composites when used as anode materials for lithium ion batteries were studied. Sn/C composites having tin metal particles with a diameter of 40 nm homogenously dispersed in carbon aerogel microspheres gave high reversible capacities and excellent cycling performance.