中文摘要：

遗传与环境如何交互作用影响儿童青少年的攻击行为是当前攻击研究中的重要前沿课题之一。近年来,分子遗传学关于人类攻击的研究已拓展到对不同攻击亚类（身体攻击和关系攻击）的遗传基础的探讨。本研究运用问卷法与DNA分型技术,对1258名儿童进行为时4年（四年级—七年级）的追踪调查,考察COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为对青少年身体攻击和关系攻击的交互作用以及性别在其中的调节作用。结果发现,COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为仅交互作用于男青少年的身体攻击,母亲教养行为显著预测GG基因型男青少年的身体攻击,但对T等位基因男青少年身体攻击的预测作用并不显著。COMT基因rs6267多态性与母亲教养行为对青少年关系攻击的交互作用不显著。本研究结果表明,身体攻击和关系攻击具有不同遗传基础和发生机制。

英文摘要：

The influencing factors and underlying mechanisms of aggressive behavior are important fundamental issues in research on human aggression. With the advancement of molecular genetics, the research on the mechanisms of aggression has reached molecular level in recent years. Recent studies using candidate gene strategy have demonstrated that the COMT （catechol-O-methyltransferase） gene was significantly associated with human aggression. However, existing research mainly focused on physical aggression, while the genetics mechanism of relational aggression has scarcely been investigated. To our knowledge, only two studies examined the genetic underpinnings of the two specific subtypes of aggression by examining the direct associations between COMT gene Val158Met polymorphism and both physical and relational aggression, but these studies failed to investigate the gene-environment interaction. Recent research has revealed a new functionally single nucleotide polymorphism rs6267 in the COMT gene which also plays an important role in individual＇s development, but its possible interaction with environment on aggressive behavior remains unclear. The present study aimed to extend the previous research by examining the association between COMT gene rs6267 polymorphism and both physical and relational aggression among Chinese children and adolescents, with a particular focus on the possible moderating effects of maternal parenting behavior and gender on the association. One thousand two hundred and fifty eight children （male = 649） from 40 classes of 14 primary schools in Jinan City were followed from grade 4 till to grade 7. The subjects＇ physical and relational aggression were obtained through peer rating, and the maternal parenting behavior was measured by mother report. DNA was extracted from saliva. In detail, genotype at rs6267 polymorphism in the COMT gene was performed for each participant in real time with MassARRAY RT software version 3.0.0.4 and analyzed using the MassARRAY Typer software version 3.4