中文摘要：

根据对流传热的基本规律和精馏塔传热的特点,建立了精馏塔热损失的数学模型并推导了热损失速率的计算公式,随后采用MATLAB对精馏塔的热损失速率进行了编程计算;利用MATLAB图形用户界面（GUI）工具创建了计算程序的输入输出界面。利用所编写的计算程序和所创建的用户图形界面研究了精馏塔保温层厚度,空气温度、相对湿度和风速对精馏塔热损失的影响。结果发现随着保温层厚度的增加,精馏塔热损失速率迅速下降,但下降的速度越来越慢,在精馏塔热损失速率与保温层厚度关系曲线上存在一个拐点,该点可作为精馏塔外壁保温层厚度的最优值;风速和空气温度对精馏塔热损失速率也有一定的影响,随着风速的增大,精馏塔热损失速率迅速上升,但上升的速度越来越慢,最终趋近于一个恒定值;空气温度升高,精馏塔热损失速率下降,二者呈现出良好的线性关系;空气湿度对精馏塔热损失速率的影响不大,可以忽略不计。另外在计算过程中发现对精馏塔进行分段计算非常必要,不进行分段计算得到的结果只有分段计算结果的1/7左右,严重偏离真实值。

英文摘要：

The mathematical model of heat loss about rectifying tower was established and the computational equation of heat loss rate was derived on it according to the basic principles of heat convection and the features of rectifying tower heat transfer. Subsequently, the heat loss rate of rectifying tower was calculated by MATLAB program. In addition, the interface of data input and output was compiled by means of the GUI （Graphical User Interface） tool implanted in MATLAB. By making use of the calculating program and GUI of data input and output, the influence of insulation layer thickness, air temperature, relative humidity and air speed was investigated. It was found that with the increase of the thickness of insulation layer, the heat loss rate of rectifying tower declines very quickly but the rate of decline slows down gradually with a result of there appearing an inflection point on the curve. The corresponding thickness of this point can be view as the optimal value of insulation layer thickness. Besides, the air flow speed and temperature also bring influence to some extent on the heat loss rate of rectifying tower. Specifically, with the increase of the air flow speed, the heat loss rate climbs very rapidly, but the climbing rate is brake step by step, eventually, the heat loss rate levels off to a constant value. However, for the air temperature, the heat loss rate declines with its increase and takes on a fairly good linear relationship along with it. On the other hand, the impact of air humidity on the heat loss rate of rectifying tower is not distinct and can be ignored. At last, during the process of programming calculation, it has been found that it is very necessary to carry out calculation by segment merging algorithm for the result of without segment merging calculation being only about 1/7 of the result with it.