中文摘要：

为保障洪灾被困人员搜救效果,分析了救援过程的特性,建立了一个带时间窗和模糊搜救时间的定位-路径问题优化模型,并提出一种遗传求解算法,采取三段式实数编码,设计了与编码相应的交叉和变异操作,在迭代过程中添加替代操作以加快收敛速度,最后对模型及算法进行了验证。研究结果表明：采用MATLAB编程实现该算法时,将程序运行10次,平均运行时间为42.95 s,最差解和最好解与平均值的偏差仅分别为1.56%和3.48%。可见,算法是高效、收敛和稳定的,模型可行。

英文摘要：

For ensuring the search-and-rescue effect of trapped personnel in flood disaster,the characteristics of rescue process were analyzed,an optimization model of location-routing problem（LRP） with time windows and fuzzy rescue time was established,and a genetic algorithm was introduced.The algorithm used three-segment real-code and designed matching crossover and mutation operations,and a replacement operation was added in the iterative process to accelerate convergence.A numerical example was given to validate the model and the algorithm.Analysis result shows that the average running time of ten times is 42.95 s when a MATLAB program is designed to realize the algorithm,and the deviations of the worst and the best to the average value are 1.56% and 3.48% respectively.So the algorithm is efficient,convergent and stable,and the model is feasible.5 tabs,3 figs,15 refs.