中文摘要：

生境适宜性评价是开展生物多样性保护的基础与关键，对实现流域可持续发展具有重要意义。本文选取土地利用类型、海拔高程、坡度、距保护区距离、距道路距离和距水源距离作为指标因子，利用基于加速遗传算法的层次分析法（AGA-AHP）计算各指标因子的权重，构建生境适宜性评价模型（Habitat Suitability Index model, HSI），对黄河流域2001—2013年间的生境适宜性进行评价。结果表明：距保护区距离指标因子对黄河流域的生境适宜性影响最大，土地利用类型指标因子次之，高程和坡度因子最小；从整体分布来看，黄河源头及中游生境适宜性较高，黄河上游兰州至头道拐一带以及黄河下游三门峡以下的区域生境适宜性则相对较低；从变化趋势来看，2013年黄河流域的整体生境质量要优于2001年，处于上升趋势；其中生境适宜性变好的区域面积为1.25×10^5 km^2，占15.8%，主要集中在河套平原、黄土高原、关中平原西部、西北部和黄河三角洲；生境适宜性变差的区域面积为6.43×10^4 km^2，占8.1%，主要集中在鄂尔多斯高原中西部、关中平原中部和宁夏平原中南部。

英文摘要：

Habitat suitability assessment is the basis and key to the biodiversity conservation, which has great significance to the sustainable development at a basin scale. Land use type, elevation, topographic slope, and the distance from nature reserve, roads and water sources were selected as the index factors using GIS. Each index factor’s weight was calculated with Analytic Hierarchy Process based on Accelerating Genetic Algorithm （AGA-AHP）. Habitat Suitability Index model （HSI） was then built to determine the change of habitat suitability in the Yellow River Basin from 2000 to 2013. The results showed that： 1） The distance from nature reserve followed by the index of land use type had the greatest impact on the habitat suitability of the Yellow River Basin, whereas the index of elevation and topographic slope exerted the minimum impact. 2） The habitat suitability from the source and the middle reaches of the Yellow River was relatively higher, whereas that from the upper reaches of the Yellow River Lanzhou to Toudaoguai and the area around the lower reaches of Sanmenxia was relatively lower. 3） In terms of temporal changes, the overall habitat quality of the Yellow River in 2013 was better than that in 2001, which showed an increasing trend over time. The area of region with increased habitat quality was about 1.25×10^5 km^2, which covered the upper reaches of Hetao Plain, the middle and north-west reaches of Guangzhong Plain, the lower reaches of the Yellow River delta, accounting for 15.8% of total area. The area of reduced habitat quality region located on the middle-west reaches of Erdos Plateau, the middle reaches of Guangzhong Plain and the South-central of Ningxia Plain, was about 6.43×10^4 km^2 which accounted for 8.1% of the total area.