中文摘要：

现代生物及医药等学科的发展对液滴分配系统的微量、高精、快速、稳定等特性提出越来越高的要求。液滴分配系统是在液滴分离物理的基础上发展起来的，根据液滴分离物理的特点，可将其分为按需分离、瑞利分离、一阶风诱分离、二阶风诱分离以及喷雾。针对不同的液滴分离形式，分析其研究现状与关键特性参数，比对各数学模型与数值求解方法；同时阐述非牛顿流体的液滴分离特点。针对代表性的液滴分配系统，分析并比对各自的动作机理、分配特点和应用场合。基于上述分析展望液滴分离物理和液滴分配技术的热点问题与发展趋势。

英文摘要：

With the development of modern biology, modern medicine and other disciplines, the requirements on the micro volume, high speed and stability, super precision of the droplet dispenser are highly demanded. The droplet dispensers are developed on the basis of the droplet breakup physics. According to the characteristics, five kinds of droplet breakup regimes are identified as the drop-on-demand, the Rayleigh, the first wind-induced, the second wind-induced and the atomization regimes. The research status and key characteristic parameters of these droplet breakup modes are analyzed and different mathematical models and numerical computational methods for these modes are compared. The droplet breakup features for non-Newtonian fluid are presented as well. For representative droplet dispensing systems, the internal movement mechanisms, the dispensing characteristics and the corresponding applications are summarized and compared. Based on the fore discussion, the hot issues and the development trends for the droplet breakup physics and the droplet dispensing technologies are given.