中文摘要：

缺氧是全球近岸海域日益严重的环境问题,其对沿岸生态系统造成了严重的危害。本文综述了近岸海域缺氧的现状、类型、成因及其影响因素,并从海洋生物的致死效应、物种组成及群落结构、生物量和捕食关系4个方面阐述了缺氧的生态效应。在此基础上,指出今后应开展物理和生物化学过程对缺氧的定量影响,以及全球变暖对缺氧影响的研究,并就缺氧对营养元素和重金属生物地球化学循环影响等方面进行深入研究。

英文摘要：

Hypoxia has become a serious environmental problem in world＇s coastal waters,as its severe harmfulness to the aquatic ecosystem.The status,types,causes,and influence factors of coastal hypoxia are reviewed in the paper.The ecological effects of hypoxia were expatiated from four aspects,including inducing lethal effect on marine organisms,modifying species composition,community structure,and biomass variation,as well as altering predator-prey relationships in the marine environment.Furthermore,it is suggested that researches concerning with the quantitative analysis of physical and biological processes related with hypoxia should be carried out,as well as the effects of global warming on hypoxia.Besides,the impacts of hypoxia on biogeochemical cycles of nutrients and heavy metals are needed to considering.