中文摘要：

在课本中的传统的知识显示头索动物是到在所有现存有机体之中的脊椎动物的近亲。然而，这条意见被几最近的种系发生的研究用几百原子基因质问。研究人员建议了那 urochordates，然而并非头索动物，应该是最靠近的生活 relatives to 脊椎动物。在现在的学习，由使用从几百产生的数据， mtDNA 定序，我们再评价 deuterostome 发展史以整个 mitochondrial 染色体(mitogenomes ) 。我们的结果坚定地证明每现存 deuterostome 数和脊索动物潜水艇数是单音的门。但是结果介绍取决于不同顺序数据集的种系发生的树在分析使用了的几种选择。尽管没有清楚的种系发生的关系被获得，那些树显示古老的普通祖先多样化很快此后不久他们的外观在早寒武纪并且在一个短历史的时期期间产生了所有主要 deuterostome 系，它与“寒武纪的爆炸”一致由古生物学家揭示了。是 520-million-year 的进化遮住现存 deuterostomes 的种系发生的关系。因此，我们断定综合分析来临而非简单地，用更多的 DNA，序列应该被采用探讨远进化关系。

英文摘要：

The traditional knowledge in textbooks indicated that cephalochordates were the closest relatives to vertebrates among all extant organisms. However, this opinion was challenged by several recent phylogenetic studies using hundreds of nuclear genes. The researchers suggested that urochordates, but not cephalochordates, should be the closest living relatives to vertebrates. In the present study, by using data generated from hundreds of mtDNA sequences, we revalue the deuterostome phylogeny in terms of whole mitochondrial genomes （mitogenomes）. Our results firmly demonstrate that each of extant deuterostome phyla and chordate subphyla is monophyletic. But the results present several alternative phylogenetic trees depending on different sequence datasets used in the analysis. Although no clear phylogenetic relationships are obtained, those trees indicate that the ancient common ancestor diversified rapidly soon after their appearance in the early Cambrian and generated all major deuterostome lineages during a short historical period, which is consistent with ＂Cambrian explosion＂ revealed by paleontologists. It was the 520-million-year＇s evolution that obscured the phylogenetic relationships of extant deuterostomes. Thus, we conclude that an integrative analysis approach rather than simply using more DNA sequences should be employed to address the distant evolutionary relationship.