中文摘要：

本文利用国家统计局工业企业的大样本数据,在微观上估算了我国企业的全要素生产率（TFP）,并考察R＆D与TFP之间的关系。研究发现：第一,R＆D对生产率的提升存在滞后效应,并且滞后效应在民营企业中尤其显著。第二,R＆D不但未能提升当期生产率,甚至存在负效应。第三,市场竞争和人力资本通过研发对企业生产率存在显著的边际影响,即：市场竞争越激烈,人力资本水平越高,研发对企业TFP产生的提升效应就越大。并且这种边际效应在国有和民营企业中存在显著差异。本研究有着清晰的政策含义,即在长期持续增进研发的同时,提升竞争与人力资本水平。

英文摘要：

Using manufacturing large sample data from National Bureau of Statistics （ 1998--2007 ）, we estimate the total factor productivity （TFP） of our enterprise and explore the relationship between the enterprise R＆D investment and TFP. We found that： first,enterprise~ R＆D spending has significant hysteresis effect,and the hysteresis effect is particularly significant in the private enterprises. Second,the current R＆D not only failed to improve the current productivity, even there are negative effects. Third, market competition and human capital plays a significantly marginal role to the enterprise productivity through R＆D,i. e. , with the more intense market competition and the higher level of human capital, R＆D produces the greater effect to promote TFP. And the marginal effect exist significant differences in the state-owned and private enterprises.