利用羧甲基纤维素(CMC)、丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为原料,通过接枝共聚反应合成高吸水性树脂。对制备高吸水树脂的影响因素如CMC用量、单体AA、AM、DMC的用量和配比、引发剂(NaHSO3、(NH4)2S2O8)用量、交联剂N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(NMBA)用量、AA中和度等进行分析研究。结果表明:纤维素接枝两性高吸水树脂的最佳制备工艺条件为:m(AA):m(AM):m(DMC)=1.86:1.00:0.31,AA中和度为75%,CMC质量分数为5%,引发剂质量分数为2.5%,交联剂质量分数为0.1%,反应温度为60℃,反应时间为45min。这种工艺条件下,可制备出吸蒸馏水倍率高达1503g/g、吸生理盐水165g/g的两性高吸水性树脂。
Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) were made from carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and [2-(methylacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (DMC) through graft copolymerization: The factors affecting the water-absorbent capacity of SAPs, such as monomers ratio, CMC dosage, content of initiator and crosslinking agent, and neutralization degree of AA, were investigated and discussed in detail. The optimal conditions were found to be as follows :m(AA):m(AM):m(DMC)= 1.86: 1.00 : 0. 31 ; neutralization degree of AA, 75% ; CMC dosage, 5% ; initiator content, 2. 5% ; crosslinking agent content,0. 1% ; reaction temperature, 60 ℃ reaction time, 45 min. Amphoteric SAPs, with the absorbent capacity of 1 503 times their own weight in distilled water and 165 times in 0.9% salt solution under optimized synthesis condition, were obtained.