中文摘要：

目的：探讨人胚胎皮肤汗腺在不同发育胎龄时的基因表达变化特征及其可能的生物学意义。方法：收集12周（H1）、16周（H2）、24周（H3）等3组不同胎龄胎儿皮肤,组织常规切片,显微镜下观察胚胎皮肤不同发育阶段的汗腺结构特征,提取不同胎龄的胚胎表皮组织总RNA,用逆转录-聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）方法和基因芯片技术检测胚胎皮肤汗腺在不同发育阶段的基因表达变化规律。结果：光镜下可见不同发育阶段的胎儿皮肤具有典型的组织学结构,胎龄24周时汗腺结构初步形成,数量稳定。在95%的可信区间内,H2与H1样本相比较（H2/H1）,差异表达基因有113个,其中下调的基因有45个,上调的基因有68个;H3与H2样本相比较（H3/H2）,差异表达基因有91个,其中下调的基因有66个,上调的基因有25个;差异表达的基因包括生长因子、细胞外基质分子和外胚层发育因子等,与汗腺发育进程密切相关。结论：将基因芯片运用于汗腺发生机制的研究,可以较全面地反映汗腺发育及成熟过程中基因表达变化规律,寻找特异性调控基因。通过对汗腺不同发育阶段的基因表达及功能研究,可以筛选关键步骤调控基因,指导实现分子基因水平调控皮肤创面修复和汗腺组织再生。

英文摘要：

Objective： To render a more comprehensive analysis of transcriptional changes in genes and their biologic significance that occurred in development of sweat glands in human fetal skin by using high-density oligonucleotide DNA microarray. Methods： Human fetal skin was obtained from spontaneously aborted fetuses of 12, 16 and 24-week estimated gestational age. Total RNA was isolated from skin of fetuses of different stages of gestation,and mRNA was purified and randomly labeled with the incorporation of fluorescent dUTP for preparing the hybridization probe by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR）. Approximately 21 329 human genes were spotted on a chemical-material-coated glass plate in array. Results： Human fetal skin in different gestation stage had their individual histologic characteristics in different developmental stages, and the morphological structure as well as quantity of sweat glands became stable at 24-week gestational age. Compared H1 （12 weeks） with H2 （16 weeks）, there were 113 differential genes including 45 down-regulated and 68 up-regulated in H2 （16 weeks） at 95% confidence interval. In another group, there were 91 differential genes, including 66 down-regulated and 25 up-regulated in H3 compared with H2. These genes included growth factors, extracellular matrix and EDA, and they were correlated with process of development of sweat glands. Conclusion： Microarray technology is revolutionizing biology by empowering researchers to collect gene information of wide scope. Microarraybased detection discloses a substantial number of genes participating in embryogenesis and development of fetal sweat glands. These experiments demonstrate a previously unrecognized role of genes expression in the control of fetal sweat glands growth and function. A complicated developmental process of fetal sweat glands is well characterized, further enriching theories concerning wound repair .