中文摘要：

试验从不同基因水平考察处理低氨氮废水的厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥中功能微生物特性。基于16S rRNA基因仅划分了3个OTUs，均隶属于Brocadia，其中OTU 1占最大比例（89.5%）；基于hzsB功能基因划分了14个OTUs，分别隶属于Brocadia（OTU 1～10，81.6%）、Kuenenia（OTU 11，10.5%）和Jettenia（OTU 12～14，7.9%），在0.5～0.9 mm粒径区间菌种多样性最高。结合其他多样性指数结果可知，基于hzsB功能基因靶定的基因片段辨析率更高，能更好地对厌氧氨氧化菌进行生物多样性结构分析。基于优势的hzsB功能基因分析颗粒样品中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度达1011copies/gVSS，占全细菌的比例为8%～10%。另外，在颗粒污泥逐渐增大过程中，厌氧氨氧化菌丰度先增大后减小，在0.5～0.9 mm粒径区间出现丰度最大值。说明颗粒化确实能实现厌氧氨氧化菌的有效富集和持留，但当增长到一定程度之后，维持良好的颗粒粒径、保证最优的传质效能，才能实现厌氧氨氧化菌高多样性、高丰度水平的维持与稳定。

英文摘要：

The characteristics of functional microbes in Anammox granular sludge for treatment of low-ammonia wastewater were investigated based on different gene levels. Based on 16S rRNA gene, there was a low diversity with only three OTUs, which all belonged to Brocadia, and OTU 1 accounted for the largest proportion （ 89.5% ）. Based on hzsB functional gene, there were fourteen OTUs, belonging to Brocadia （OTU 1 to 10, 81.6% ）, Kuenenia （OTU 11, 10.5% ） and Jettenia （OTU 12 to 14, 7.9% ）. Combined with other diversity indexes, it was concluded that hzsB function gene could target the objects with a higher resolution rate, which could be better used to analyze the biodiversity of Anammox bacteria. Based on hzsB gene, the abundance of Anammox bacteria in different granules was quantified of 10 11 eop- ies/gVSS （8% to 10% of the total bacteria） , which increased first and then decreased with the gradually increasing of granular sludge. Additionally, both the maximum diversity and abundance appeared in the particle size range of 0.5 to 0.9 ram. The results showed that granulation could aehieve an effective accu- mulation and retention of Anammox bacteria, but when the particle size increased to a certain extent, good particle size and optimal transfer efficiency were the major factors for the stahilization of high diversity and abundance.