中文摘要：

为了解吉林省大豆品种产量遗传改良过程中源—库关系的变化,对1923～2005年间育成的20个大豆品种的产量和源-库关系进行了研究。结果表明,大豆品种产量随着育成年代呈线性增加,82年来产量增长了113.1%,平均每年增长1.38%。产量的增加是源-库共同作用的结果,其中源—单株叶面积和叶片净光合速率82年来分别增长了27.76%和21.56%,年增长率为0.34%和0.26%;而库—单株荚数、单株粒数和单株粒重82年来分别增长了44.33%、80.1%和59.5%,平均每年增加0.54%、0.98%和0.73%;由于源库增长比例失调,使单株瘪粒荚数呈显著增加,82年来增加了314%;同时,也使单位叶面积粒数和粒重显著增加,82年来分别增长了50.86%和56.45%。本文结果说明,大豆育种工作者对大豆品种产量的遗传改良导致了源库关系的不协调变化,未来的高产大豆品种育种应注重源强度的增加,特别是单位叶面积光合能力的提高。

英文摘要：

In order to understand the relationship between source and sink in soybean cultivars released in different years,we studied 20 soybean cultivars representing genetic progress in Jilin Province from 1923 to 2005.The experiment was conducted in a random complete block design with three replications.Results showed that soybean seed yield increased significantly with year of release,it was increased by 113.1% in past 82 years（1.38% per year） according to the calculation of regression equation.Leaf area per plant and net photosynthetic rate（Pn） were measured at R2 stage.Yield,number of pods,number of seeds and weight of pod were measured in each plot at maturity（R8 stage）.The increase of soybean yield was strengthened by source and sink.Leaf area and Pn were increased by 27.76% and 21.56% during the genetic improvement of 82 years,and were increased by 0.34% and 0.26% per year respectively.Number of pods,number of seeds and weight of seed increased 44.33%,80.1% and 59.5%,which were equivalent to 0.54%,0.98% and 0.73% respectivly in each year.As the increase in ratio of sink to source,the number of seeds per unit leaf area,weight of seed per unit leaf area were increased by 50.86% and 56.45% during 82 years,and increased by 0.62% and 0.69% per year respectively.As the results,the number of blighted pods was increased by 314%,which was an increase of 3.83% per year.Our results showed that soybean breeding for high yield had resulted in unbalance increase of source and sink,soybean high yield breeding should be focused on harmonizing the source and sink.Improving leaf Pn may be more beneficial in the future soybean high yield breeding.