中文摘要：

间充质干细胞（MSCs）的多向分化潜能这一特性使MSCs移植在平滑肌组织损伤疾病的治疗中有良好的应用前景,但是干细胞移植治疗本身并没有获得预期的疗效,原因在于,干细胞体内诱导分化的研究还有很多关键性的问题没有解决。其中最值得关注的是：干细胞移植后,在体内微环境诱导下干细胞的适应性变化及其机制。目前的研究已经发现许多能诱导MSCs向平滑肌分化的因素,如生长因子、细胞与细胞间接触、细胞外基质的作用等。本文就微环境的几个因素,包括：细胞与细胞间的接触,细胞周围基质中的机械力,基质的弹性等对干细胞向平滑肌细胞定向分化的影响进行综述。

英文摘要：

Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） have potential of multi-directional differentiation, which provided a wide application perspective for the stern cell therapy of smooth muscle injuries, but stem cell therapy can＇t attained expected effect because of some problem about stem cell differentiation in vivo have not resolved, the key point is how stem cell to adaptive the microenvironment in vivo when transplanted, and what is mechanism？ Recent studies have revealed many factor about induce the smooth muscle differentiations of MSCs, such as grown factor, cell cell interact and effect of cell matrix et al.. This article was to review the microenvironment factor contain cell-cell interaction, the mechanical force, elasticity in cell matrix and three dimensions which effect on MSCs differentiation to smooth muscle cells.