中文摘要：

嵌段共聚物由于具有独特的结构与性能成为了材料学、高分子科学以及生物科学等多个学科的研究热点.本文介绍了嵌段共聚物的合成技术,主要有阴离子聚合法、氮氧调节自由基聚合法、原子转移自由基聚合法以及可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合法.概述了嵌段共聚物作为模板制备纳米复合材料的方法和纳米复合材料微观形貌的控制方法.最后对存在的问题和未来的发展进行了总结和展望.

英文摘要：

Block eopolymers （BCs） have become a hot topic in the research field of materials science, polymer science and biologi- cal science because of their unique structure and properties. In this review, the preparation methods of BCs developed in recent years have been summarized, including anionic polymerization, nitroxide~mediated polymerization （NMP）, atom transfer radical polymerization （ATRP）, and reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization （RAFT）. The nanocomposite prep- aration methods using BCs as templates, and those methods used to control the micro morphology of the nanocomposites, are also summarized. Finally, the challenges and future development of the field are overviewed.