目的 探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)在创伤性颅脑损伤中发挥的作用及其机制.方法 观察TLR4基因敲除型[TLR4(-/-)]/野生型[TLR4(+/+)]小鼠在自由落体脑外伤模型后24h学习能力、水肿、炎性反应等的变化.通过Morris水迷宫实验比较各组小鼠伤后学习能力;磁共振成像比较各组小鼠水肿面积;实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应(FQ-PCR)比较各组肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素(IL)-1β、IL-10、脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的表达;Western blot法比较各组髓样分化因子88(MyD88)/核因子-κB(NF-κB)的变化.结果 在行自由落体脑外伤模型24h后,TLR4(-/-)小鼠寻找平台潜伏期[(39.26±18.1)s]明显短于TLR4(+/+)小鼠[(50.19±16.5)s;t=2.361,P=0.021];TLR4(-/-)小鼠穿越平台的次数(2.04±1.18)明显多于TLR4(+/+)小鼠(0.60±0.47;t=3.000,P=0.011);TLR4(-/-)小鼠的水肿面积[(10.31±2.01)%]明显小于TLR4(+/+)小鼠[(23.20±5.70)%;t=5.643,P=0.000];在mRNA水平,TLR4(-/-) 小鼠IL-10[TLR4(-/-):3.00±0.74;TLR4(+/+):1.20±0.27;t=6.046,P=0.000]、BDNF[TLR4(-/-):55.67±7.94;TLR4(+/+):42.52±3.25;t=4.055,P=0.002]的表达较TLR4(+/+)小鼠增加,而TNF-α[TLR4(-/-):6.49±0.36;TLR4(+/+):8.89±0.57;t=9.419,P=0.000]、IL-1β[TLR4(-/-):7.49±0.79;TLR4(+/+):12.76±1.06;t=10.547,P=0.000]较TLR4(+/+)小鼠明显减少.另外,TLR4(-/-)小鼠MyD88(t=7.968,P=0.000)/NF-κB(t=6.198,P=0.000)的激活在伤后24h明显低于TLR4(+/+)小鼠.结论 在创伤性颅脑损伤后,TLR4的激活启动并促进脑外伤中的炎性反应,加重外伤后的脑水肿与继发性损伤,MyD88/NF-κB信号通路在中其发挥重要作用.
Objective To study the role and mechanism of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in traumatic brain injury.Methods After 24 h brain injury,comparative study TLR 4 knockout [TLR4(-/-)]/wild type mice [TLR4(+/+)].Edema area change of different groups is compared by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan.Use real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) method to compare cytokines like tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-10,and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) change between different groups.To compare important downstream signaling molecules Myeloid differentiation factor (MyD)88/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) changes in different groups,we use Western blotting.Results After 24 h of brain injury,significant difference were observed in different groups in Morris water maze test.TLR4(-/-) mice group showed shorter incubation period [(39.26±18.1) s] than TLR4(+/+) mice [(50.19±16.5) s;t=2.361,P=0.021],and TLR4(-/-) mice group (2.04±1.18) showed more times across the platform than TLR4(+/+) mice (0.60±0.47;t=3.000,P=0.011).Comparing to the edema area of TLR4(+/+) mice group [(23.20±5.70)%],the area of TLR4 mice [(10.31±2.01)%] was smaller (t=5.643,P=0.000).Comparing to the TLR4(+/+) mice,the expression of IL-10 [TLR4(-/-): 3.00±0.74;TLR4(+/+): 1.20±0.27;t=6.046,P=0.000] and BDNF [TLR4(-/-): 55.67±7.94;TLR4(+/+): 42.52±3.25;t=4.055,P=0.002] increased dramatically in TLR4(-/-) mice,while TNF-α[TLR4(-/-): 6.49±0.36;TLR4(+/+): 8.89±0.57;t=9.419,P=0.000],IL-1β [TLR4 (-/-): 7.49±0.79;TLR4(+/+): 12.76±1.06;t=10.547,P=0.000] decreased significantly.About the important downstream signaling molecules of TLR4,we found that activation of MyD88 (t=7.968,P=0.000)/NF-κB (t=6.198,P=0.000) in TLR4(-/-) mice is significant lower than that in TLR4(+/+) mice.Conclusion After traumatic br