中文摘要：

为模拟涌潮、水跃、溃坝波、浅水变形后的波浪、闸门突然开启形成的涌浪等浅水间断流动，应用有限体积法求解二维浅水方程，界面通量采用基于Boltzmann模型的动力学流矢量分裂（KFVS）格式，建立基于无结构三角形网格的二维浅水间断流动数值模型，模型在空间上具有二阶精度．在钱塘江两次涌潮实测资料验证的基础上，模型预测了钱塘江河口治理设想方案实施后的潮位、潮差、流速和涌潮等水动力因素的变化．模型较好地模拟了涌潮到达时刻潮位急剧抬高、流速迅速从落潮转为涨潮并达到极值的间断现象．计算结果表明，提出的计算格式健全、稳定，可以广泛应用于浅水间断流动的数值模拟．

英文摘要：

A 2D numerical model for discontinuous shallow water flows was developed by using finite volume method （FVM） to solve the 2D shallow water equation on unstructured triangle grid, in order to simulate tidal bores, hydraulic jumps, dam-break waves, waves distorted due to shallow water, surge wave formed by suddenly-opened sluice, etc. The interface flux adopts the kinetic flux vector splitting （KFVS） scheme of Boltzmann model and the algorithm has second-order accuracy. Based on the two-time verification for the tidal bore on Qiantang River, the model predicted the variations of hydrodynamic factors, such as tidal level, tidal range, velocity and tidal bore, after the completion of hypothetical regulation project on Qiantang Estuary. The model well simulated the discontinuous phenomenon of the sudden and sharp rise of the tidal level, the rapid velocity conversion from ebb to flood and fast reaching to its extremum during the bore arriving. The results show that the scheme is robust and stable, and can be applied extensively to simulate discontinuous shallow water flows.