中文摘要：

MicroRNAs（miRNAs）是一类内源性非编码小分子RNAs，在转录后水平可与靶基因mRNAs的3’非翻译区结合而抑制基因表达，其表达具有组织特异性。功能学研究发现，细胞内miRNAs参与多种病理生理过程。近期发现miRNAs在循环血中以微泡、外核体、微粒以及凋亡小体等形式稳定存在，其水平可作为肿瘤等多种疾病诊断和预后的标志物。目前有关miRNAs可能作为心血管疾病诊断生物标志物的研究相继报道，本文将就循环血miRNAs作为急性心肌梗死、心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病、糖尿病等心血管系统常见疾病的生物标志物的研究进展作一综述。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are a group of endogenous small non-coding RNAs, which play important gene regulatory roles at the post-transcriptional level by binding to the 3~ untranslated region of the targeted mRNAs. MiRNAs possess tissue-specific signatures and have been found involved in various pathophysiological processes. Recent reports have demonstrated that miRNAs are stably present in blood circulation in the form of microvesicles, exosome, microparticle, and apoptotic bodies; and the plasma levels of specific miRNAs have been proven as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of cancers. Many articles have also reported that miRNAs can serve as important diagnostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Here we reviewed the roles of circulating miRNAs as potential biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases, including acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.