中文摘要：

在最后几十年，各种各样的沉积运输能力明确的表达被 geomorphologists 和工程师使用了计算河的词法变化。然而，糟糕理解到能力的改编是否能响应不同流入分泌物和沉积供应立即被完成，仍然保持，并且这样如果河里的词法变化的计算充分基于假定能力地位被认为正当。这里我们在场这个问题上的数字调查。距离要求了让沉积运输适应能力(即， adaptation-to-capacity 长度) 床负担和推迟的沉积，运输计算地用 a coupled 被学习浅水水动力学模型，与改变的入口沉积集中一致。adaptation-to-capacity 长度通常作为 Rouse 数字增加，入口沉积集中是否增加或减少减少，这被发现。为有消失的入口沉积集中的盒子，一种统一关系在 adaptation-to-capacity 长度和 Rouse 数字之间被发现。份量上，床负担沉积的 adaptation-to-capacity 长度被限制到流动深度的十时间，虽然推迟的沉积的与减少实质地增加，唤醒数字并且能直到几百次流动深度。发现的礼品同时发生那床负担沉积运输能比推迟的沉积运输更快适应能力，并且它便于上的一个量的标准床负担或推迟的沉积运输的适用性为自然的河的能力能乐意地被估计。

英文摘要：

Over the last several decades,various sediment transport capacity formulations have been used by geomorphologists and engineers to calculate fluvial morphological changes.However,it remains poorly understood if the adaptation to capacity could be fulfilled instantly in response to differing inflow discharges and sediment supplies,and thus if the calculation of morphological changes in rivers based on the assumed capacity status is fully justified.Here we present a numerical investigation on this issue.The distance required for sediment transport to adapt to capacity（i.e.,adaptation-to-capacity length） of both bed load and suspended sediment transport is computationally studied using a coupled shallow water hydrodynamic model,in line with varied inlet sediment concentrations.It is found that the adaptation-to-capacity length generally decreases as the Rouse number increases,irrespective of whether the inlet sediment concentration increases or reduces.For cases with vanishing inlet sediment concentration a unified relationship is found between the adaptation-to-capacity length and the Rouse number.Quantitatively,the adaptation-to-capacity length of bed load sediment is limited to tens of times of the flow depth,whilst that of suspended sediment increases substantially with decreasing Rouse number and can be up to hundreds of times of the flow depth.The present finding concurs that bed load sediment transport can adapt to capacity much more rapidly than suspended sediment transport,and it facilitates a quantitative criterion on which the applicability of bed load or suspended sediment transport capacity for natural rivers can be readily assessed.