为了有效计算气候变化和人类活动对流域水循环过程的影响,需对多因素影响贡献量进行分解。由于多因素之间相互影响,单个因素影响量之和,一般并不完全等于所有因素综合影响量,因此传统方法多用于对两个因素进行影响量分解。本文提出一种基于分布式水文模型的分解方法,用于对多个因素进行影响量分解。该方法能综合考虑不同因素之间的相互作用,使得单因素影响量之和恰好等于所有因素综合影响量,并从理论和应用两个方面对此进行论证。相比于传统方法,新方法能更加科学地分解两个及两个以上因素对水循环过程影响的贡献量,同时在基准期和变化期的选择上也更具有灵活性。该方法不仅可用于水循环演变过程中多因素贡献量分析,还可与具有物理机制的模型相结合,应用于大气、环境和生态演化过程的贡献率分析。
In order to separate the impacts of the climate change and human activities, it needs to separate the impacts of the multi-factors. When using the traditional methods to calculate the contribution of multi-factors, the sum of each factor′s contribution is not always equal to the comprehensive changes because of the interrelation between each factor. Thus, most of the traditional methods focus on the two factors contribution analyses. A new method, which is based on the simulation of the distributed hydrological model, is promoted to solve this problem. The new method could handle the interrelation between different factors, and assure that the sum of each factor′s contribution just equals to the total changes, which is proved theoretically and practically in this paper. Contrasting to the traditional methods, the new method could partition the contribution of more than two factors,and it is flexible to select the base period and impacted period. Moreover, the new method could be used in study of atmosphere, environment, ecology, and so on,as well as water cycle,combining with the physically based simulation models.