中文摘要：

基于野外旱地红壤定位试验,通过在各处理中采取土样测定土壤水分含量,用环刀分层取土测定水分物理性质,并测定作物产量,分析改良剂（生物质炭与过氧化钙）对旱地红壤水分特征和作物产量的影响。结果表明,土壤含水量月动态呈现＂双峰型＂曲线,11月、12月土壤含水量比较低,且随着时间推移含水量呈上升趋势,2月达到最高;然后缓慢下降,4月后开始缓慢升高,到6月份为第二峰值,6月后又开始缓慢下降。随着土层深度的增加,土壤含水量和土壤容重呈上升趋势,即：0—10cm〈10—20cm〈20—40cm〈40—60cm,而土壤饱和持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量的变化趋势与其相反。单施处理中,随着过氧化钙施入量的增加,土壤含水量呈下降趋势,而随着生物质炭输入量的增加,土壤含水量呈上升趋势;配施处理土壤含水量都高于单施,且以C2Ca1的土壤含水量最高,为16.14%～34.57%。随着改良剂的加入,土壤容重有减小的趋势,各处理从小到大的顺序为C2Ca1C1Ca1〉C2Ca2〉C1Ca2〉C2Ca0〉C0Ca1〉C1Ca0〉C0Ca2〉CK。各处理红薯产量从高到低的顺序为C2Ca2〉C2Ca1〉C1Ca2〉C1Ca1〉C2Ca0〉C1Ca0〉C0Ca2〉C0Ca1〉CK,施入生物质炭或过氧化钙都有利于红薯产量的提高,且混施的效果更好。因此,生物质炭与过氧化钙可作为土壤改良剂是培肥土壤的重要措施,能有效减小土壤容重和提高土壤水分含量,并提高作物产量。

英文摘要：

Based on the field location experiment in upland red soil, soils under different amendment treat- ments were sampled to measure soil moisture content（SMC）. The soil stratified sampling was carried out by the usage of cutting ring to analyze soil physical properties. Besides, crop yields were also measured and the effects of soil amendments（biochar and calcium peroxide） on water characteristics in red soil and crop yields were investigated. The results showed that the monthly dynamics of SMC showed a bimodaI curve in the whole year. The SMC was quite low in November and December, then increased with time, and reached the highest level in February. After February, SMC decreased slowly and increased from April, which reached the second highest level in June and then began to decrease slowly. Soil moisture content and soil bulk density （SBD） increased with the increase of soil depth, which followed the order of 0--10 cm soil layer〉10--20 cm soil layer〉20--40 cm soil layer〉40--60 cm soil layer, while soil saturated moisture capacity（SSMC）, soil capillary moisture capacity（SCMC） and soil field moisture capacity（SFMC） showed the opposite tendencies. In treatments with application of only I type of amendment, SMC decreased with the increase of calcium peroxide, but increased with the increase of biochar. SMC in combined application treatment of biochar and calcium peroxide was higher than those in treatments with single amendment application. The SMC of C2Caltreatment was the highest, which was 16.14%-34.57%. SBD had a decreasing trend with the addition of the amendments, which followed an increasing order of C2Ca1, C1Ca1, COCa1, 2Ca0, C1Ca2, C2Ca2, C1Ca0, COCa2 and CK. SSMC, SCMC and SFMC of all amendment treatments were higher then those of CK treatment, and the highest values were in C2Ca1 treatment, which：were 24.49%-38. 81%, 22.18% -27.06% and 18.87%-22. 68%, respectively, SSMC, SCMC and SFMC in all treatments followed a decreasing order of C2Ca1, C1Ca1, C2Ca2, C1Ca2, C2Ca0, COCal, C1