中文摘要：

内耗是指固体由于内部原因造成的振动能量的消耗,它能灵敏地反映材料内部微观缺陷的状态及其运动变化。材料或构件在循环载荷下由于内部损伤和缺陷的累积逐渐导致疲劳失效,而通过考察疲劳过程中的能量消耗、超声衰减响应与材料阻尼本领等内耗量的变化,可以建立一种理解材料疲劳行为和表征材料疲劳性能的有效方法。本文将对内耗方法应用于疲劳研究的理论背景和手段加以概括介绍,并对其在疲劳剩余寿命评估、裂纹萌生检测等方面的研究应用进行介绍回顾,最后对此类方法的进一步研究利用做了讨论和展望。

英文摘要：

Internal friction is the feature of the vibration energy dissipation in solids due to internal reason, which can be used to monitor the state and the change of micro-defect in material. Fatigue failure is caused by gradual damage during accumulation in materials or structures. And an effective method to investigate the damage mechanism fatigue and materials＇ fatigue strength can be established via the measurement of internal friction related quantities such as energy dissipation, ultrasonic attenuation, or damping capacity through fatigue progress. In this article the theoretical background and the common methods used in this kind of research was concluded, and the application of internal friction methodology in residual life assessment and crack initiation during fatigue is followed. Prospect of further study and potential application of this kind of method was made in the end.