中文摘要：

如何降低氮肥施人农田后的N2O排放，实现氮肥增产效应的同时降低其对环境的负面影响是全球集约化农业生产中重要的科学问题，氮肥添加剂是有效途径之一。本研究采用室内静态培养法，在调节土壤水分含量和温度等环境因素的条件下，研究不同肥料添加剂对华北平原典型农田土壤N2O排放的影响及其机制。结果表明，N2O排放通量的峰值大约出现在施氮后的第2-4d，肥料混施较肥料表施的出峰时间提前。与单施尿素处理相比，添加硝化抑制剂DMPP或DCD能分别降低N2O排放总量99．2％和97．1％；添加硫酸铜对N2O排放的抑制作用不显著；添加秸秆会增加N2O排放总量60．7％，而在添加秸秆的土壤中施加硝化抑制剂DMPP能够显著降低N2O排放量至无肥对照水平。说明华北平原农田土壤中N2O的产生主要是由硝化作用驱动，同时也可看出，添加硝化抑制剂是N2O减排的有效措施。

英文摘要：

It is of global scientific concern to increase both crop production and nitrogen use efficiency and meanwhile controlling environmental pollutions of nitrogen fertilizer application, such as greenhouse gas N2O emissions. The use of various fertilizer additives is one of the effective ways to achieve this goal. In this study, the effects and mechanism of different fertilizer additives on N20 emission in a typical agricultural soil on the North China Plain was investigated in laboratory by static incubation method under giving soil moisture and temperature. The results showed that the peak of N2O flux occurred within 2-4 days after fertilization, with earlier N2O emission by mixed application of urea than that by surface application. Interestingly, addition of nitrification inhibitor DMPP or DCD could significantly reduce total N2O emission by 99. 2% and 97. 1% respectively comparing with sole urea application, while there was no effect of copper sulfate on the inhibition of N2O emission. The total N2O emission increased by 60. 7% after incorporation of straw with urea, and this increase of N2O emission could be eliminated completely to background level again after addition of nitrification inhibitor DMPP. The results indicated that the N2O production of investigated soil was driven by nitrification process and that nitrification inhibitor could be an effective measure to reduce N2O emissions.