中文摘要：

西加毒素是由剧毒纲比甲藻产生，是一种毒性极强的珊瑚鱼毒素，通过食物链传递而蓄积于各种珊瑚鱼体内。西加毒素与钠通道受体靶部位Ⅵ结合，激活钠通道，增加钠离子通透性。人类误食了含有西加毒素的珊瑚鱼即引起中毒。近几年，随着珊瑚鱼大量的出口，西加毒素中毒已经成为世界性的健康问题。西加毒素中毒可造成胃肠功能紊乱、心血管功能障碍、持续长时间的神经感觉异常，并且以温度感觉倒错最具特征性。西加毒素轻度中毒病例可出现暂时性近视及眼痛症状，饮酒可加重病情。曾经西加毒素中毒的人再次中毒的机会较大，症状会更严重。由于目前对含西加毒素的鱼类缺乏一种简便、准确的检测手段，使得西加毒素中毒事件时有发生。为避免中毒，建议勿食用重1．5kg以上的珊瑚鱼，特别是其头和内脏。通过对西加毒素的来源和转移，积累西加毒素的鱼类，西加毒素中毒的分布情况、中毒的机理、对人类的危害，西加毒素的制备方法及检测方法的概述，为有关研究提供参考。

英文摘要：

Ciguatoxin is a terrible coral fish toxin which is produced by the Gambierdiscus toxicus and accumulates in various kinds of coral fish through the food chain. Ciguatoxin acts on Na ＋ channel receptor Ⅵ and activates Na ^＋ channel . It can result in poisoning in people who eat coral fish containing ciguatoxin. In recent years, as coral fish are increasingly exported to other areas, it has become a world health problem. Ciguatoxin poisoning could lead to gastrointestinal dysfunction, cardiovascular impairment and persistent paraesthesia with characteristic temperature paralgesia. Temporary myopia and ocular pain can occur in patients with poisoning of mild ciguatoxin and drinking alcohol would aggravate the patients＇ condition. Those who have been poisoned were apt to be poisoned again, appearing more severe symptoms. Being lack of a convenient and accurate detection method for ciguatoxin , ciguatoxin poisoning has occurred from time to time. To prevent from ciguatoxin poisoning, the suggestion is not to eat coral fish which weigh more than 1.5 kilogram, especially the head and the viscera. This paper summarized origin and transfer of ciguatoxin, accumulating ciguateric fish, distribution of ciguatoxin poisoning, poisoning mechanism and the hazard to humans, preparation methods and detection methods of ciguatoxin, providing references for some related researches.