中文摘要：

背景 每年越来越多的婴幼儿在全身麻醉下接受各种影像学检查和外科手术及重症监护治疗,反复暴露于全身麻醉药物之下.目前,全身麻醉药物是否具有神经毒性这一问题引起了人们的广泛关注. 目的 综述全身麻醉药对发育期大脑产生神经毒性的可能机制及相关研究的最新进展. 内容 就全身麻醉药对发育期大脑产生神经毒性的作用机制、在不同动物实验模型的研究结果、相关临床研究进展及动物实验与临床研究的相关性及局限性等方面内容进行综述. 趋向 目前动物实验及临床研究均不能完全排除全身麻醉药的神经毒性作用,在对全身麻醉药影响神经系统发育的机制深入研究的同时,在儿科手术麻醉时应做到在全面发挥麻醉药治疗作用的同时尽可能降低神经毒性的副作用.

英文摘要：

Background General anesthetics and sedatives are repeatedly used,worldwide,in millions of neonates and infants every year for a variety of surgical operations,and in emergency departments and intensive care units,so people have noticed whether prolonged neonatal exposure to numerous anesthetics may cause widespread neurotoxicity.Objective To discuss the research advances on neurotoxicity and potential mechanisms of general anesthetics to developing brain.Content This article respectively describes the potential neurotoxicity mechanisms of general anesthetics,and advances on different studies of animal and clinical research and their relevance and limitations.Trend Currently animal and clinical studies cannot be completely ruled out neurotoxicity of general anesthetics.Emphasize the mechanism of the developing nervous system deeply while minimize neurotoxic side effects of pediatric general anesthesia.