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渭北旱塬春玉米田保护性耕作蓄水保墒效果与增产增收效应

期刊名称：中国农业科学，2010，43（13）: 2668－2678
时间：0
分类：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术;农业科学—农艺学]
作者机构：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100, [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100
相关基金：国家科技支撑计划项目（2006BAD29B03）; 农业公益性行业科研专项（200803028）; 国家自然科学基金项目（30771280）
相关项目：黄土高原旱地苜蓿-粮食作物轮作效应模拟研究

关键词：渭北旱塬, 保护性耕作, 土壤贮水量, 春玉米, 产量, 水分利用效率, Weibei Highland, conservation tillage, soil water storage, spring maize, yield, water use efficiency

中文摘要：

【目的】探索渭北旱塬春玉米田不同保护性耕作措施对土壤蓄水保墒效果及其与不同施肥处理组合的增产增收效应。【方法】在2007—2009年通过大田试验,测定冬闲期和玉米生育期秸秆还田免耕、深松和翻耕处理土壤湿度,分析各耕作处理在平衡施肥、无肥和常规施肥处理下春玉米产量和经济收益。【结果】2年冬闲期免耕和深松处理0—200cm土层平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕处理高33.4和31.1mm,2年玉米生育期免耕和深松处理平均土壤贮水量分别较翻耕处理高36.3和37.3mm;平衡施肥深松处理组合春玉米产量和水分利用效率最高,2年平均产量和水分利用效率分别达到10341.0kg.hm-2和24.89kg.hm-2.mm-1,平衡施肥免耕次之,平衡施肥翻耕处理位居第三位。【结论】无论在何种施肥处理下,土壤蓄水保墒能力和增产增收效应均为深松〉免耕〉传统翻耕处理。平衡施肥深松处理组合效益最好,为渭北旱塬较适宜的春玉米保护性耕作种植模式。

英文摘要：

【Objective】 The objective of the experiment was to explore the effect of different conservation tillage measures combined with different fertilizer treatments on soil water conservation,grain yield and income increments in spring maize field on Weibei Highland,Shaanxi.【Method】 A two-year-field experiment was conducted to measure soil moisture in winter fallow and maize growth period with no-tillage,sub-soiling and deep plowing treatments,as well as its effects on maize yield and economic income combined with balance fertilization,traditional fertilization and no or lower fertilizer treatments were analyzed during 2007-2009. 【Result】 During winter fallow of 2 years experiment,average soil water storage amount in 0-200 cm soil layers of no-tillage and sub-soiling treatments were 33.4 mm and 31.1mm higher than deep-plowing,respectively. In maize growth period of 2 years experiment,the average soil water storage amount in 0-200 cm soil layers of no-tillage and sub-soiling treatments were 36.3mm and 37.3mm higher than deep-plowing,respectively. Maize yield and water use efficiency in treatment combination of balanced fertilization and sub-soiling were the highest among the treatments,its average yield and water use efficiency in 2 years reached 10 341.0 kg.hm-2and 24.89 kg.hm-2.mm-1,balanced fertilization and no-tillage treatment combination was in the second place,while balanced fertilization and deep-plowing treatment combination was in the third place. 【Conclusion】 With all kinds of fertilization treatments,sub-soiling tillage showed higher soil moisture conservation ability as well as higher yield and income than no-tillage and conventional tillage. So balanced fertilization and sub-soiling treatment is the most efficient treatment and should be a more suitable conservation tillage measure for spring maize cropping on Weibei Highland.

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